Middle C is a note most women can sing easily (For barbershop leads and baris, it is. However, the piano is better written in two staves not only because it has a much wider pitch range (higher and lower). Thats the standard clef for music, as much as one exists the notes on it are all above Middle C. Middle C on the piano is usually the C closest to the middle of the piano. The actual concert pitch middle C on a piano is the "industry standard" and it is written on the "middle C", one ledger line below the treble clef (also one ledger line above bass clef in order to occupy it's very special place in music notation). This helps in one sense because rather than have to read two staves (bass and treble) like piano music, guitar is usually only written in treble clef. In order to avoid having to read two staves (bass and treble), the music establishment decided to write guitar one octave up. The bass and treble clefs were also once moveable, but it is now very rare to see them anywhere but in their. The reason for this practice is because if the guitar was written on sheet music as actually pitched, then the pitch of middle C would be written in the bass clef! (Second space from the bottom to be precise.) And the bottom string E would be one ledger line below the entire bass clef. All of the notes on this staff are middle C. You can now see the letter pattern is followed right from the bottom to the top. The treble clef is the tool most commonly used to notate music in the right hand on the piano. This means that the guitar is a transposing instrument, because its notes sound one octave lower than they are actually notated on a score. This shows all the notes on the grand staff from the bottom space of the bass clef to the top space of the treble clef, including the B and D either side of the middle C line. Guitar notation is typically written an octave higher than it sounds at concert pitch compared to the piano (and other standard instruments). The F clef or bass clef symbol looks like an F. The confusion on this issue is usually due to the fact that the guitar is written as a transposed instrument. The G clef or treble clef is called that because the symbol does like a G. It is referred to as C4 in scientific pitch notation, is note number 60 in the MIDI protocol and is located on the 1st fret of the 2nd string on a guitar. The low open E string corresponds in pitch to E2. It is often called the alto clef and is nowadays only used by specific alto. In fact all reference material I can find shows low E mapped to E2 not E3. The C clef is simply a brace which straddles the line which is middle C.
Is the low E string tuned to E3? My Mel Bay guitar book has it mapped to E2, which would make Luigi (post #3) correct.
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